Hume and the Ethics of Virtue Essay -- Character Morals Aristotle Pape

I argue that Hume's ethics can be characterized as a virtue ethics, by which I mean a view according to which character has priority over action and the principles governing action: virtuous character guides and constrains practical deliberation. In a traditional utilitarian or Kantian ethics, character is subordinate to practical deliberation: virtue is needed only to motivate virtuous action. I begin by outlining this approach in Aristotle's ethics, then draw relevant parallels to Hume. I argue that virtuous character in Aristotle is understood in terms of "self-love." A true self-lover enjoys most the exercise of the characteristic human powers of judging, choosing, deciding and deliberating. A virtuous agent's self-love enables sizing up practical situations properly and exhibiting the virtue called for by the situation. But if an agent's character is defective, the practical situation will be misapprehended and responded to improperly. I argue that though Hume claims moral judgm ents are the product of sympathy, they are actually the result of a complex process of practical reflection and deliberation. Although Hume writes as though anyone can be a judicious spectator, there is reason to think that persons of calm temperament, who enjoy deliberation and have a facility for it, are more likely to perform the corrections in sentiments that may be necessary. If this is so, an agent's character has priority over his or her practical deliberations. I am interested in the general question of how to characterize Hume's ethics, in particular, in whether Hume can be seen to offer some version of a virtue ethics. Let me first explain what I take a virtue ethics to be. For a virtue ethics, the central question is: "What kind of perso... ... I follow the text of L. A. Selby-Bigge, 2nd ed., rev., ed. P. H. Nidditch, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1978. (9) I shall be concerned only with the Nicomachean Ethics (cited as "EN"). I follow the translation of Terence Irwin, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, 1985. (10) For a more detailed discussion of this interpretation of akrasia, see my "Aristotle on the Conflicts of the Soul: Toward an Understanding of Virtue Ethics", in A. Reath, B. Herman, and C. Korsgaard, eds. (note 4, above). (11) I do not mean to deny here that the virtuous person engages in deliberation or that she has formed particular practical principles as a result of deliberation. Nor do I wish to deny that she deliberates properly, in contrast to her non-virtuous counterparts. I mean only to uncover the non-rational conditions that cause her and other agents' deliberations to be as they are.

Civil Marriage Essay

Civil marriage has lately turned into dubious issue in Lebanon. It has turned into a political issue questionable by most gatherings on both side of political divide. Media has been publicizing it seriously. The idea of civil marriage has picked up much region in this nation and right now arrived at the point of no return. As such it can never again be disregarded or overlooked. Nowadays, civil marriage is authorized in many countries. In our country, we had arguments against this issue from both religious authorities and some political parties. First of all, Lebanon’s top Sunni Muslim power issued a fatwa against moves to authorize civil relational unions inside the country, where couples of diverse religions need to venture out abroad to get married. This fatwa declares: â€Å"Every Muslim official whether a deputy or a minister, who supports legalization of civil marriage, even if it is optional, is an apostate and outside the Islamic religion, would not be washed, would not be wrapped in a burial shroud, would not have prayers for their soul in line with Islamic rules, and would not be buried in Muslim cemetery†. Moreover, as far as it matters for him, Sheikh Ghassan Halaby, consultant to Druze spiritual leader Sheikh Naim Hassan told the Daily Star that his religious group contradicts this marriage, particularly without any earlier exertion to teach people in general what a law change might mean. In addition, Ibrahim Saad, the leader of one of the country’s Greek Orthodox profound courts, said that as a submitted Christian he supports marriage in the church. Nonetheless, he unequivocally upheld a law that might take into consideration discretionary civil marriage. So these are attitudes of religions against this type of marriage.

The Impact Of Fashion On Consumer s Choices Of Many...

Abstract â€Å"The finest supply chains aren’t just swift and cost effective, they are also agile and flexible and they ensure that all their companies interests stay aligned.†- Hall L Lee The turbulent and highly unpredictable market in the fashion industry creates hasty changes in consumer demands. Many products and services are assumed to have life cycle, perhaps none have more diverse cycles than Fashion. Fashions are, by definition, temporary cyclical phenomena adopted by consumers for a particular time and situation. The phenomenon of fashion invades consumer’s choices of many products and services. The triumph of fast fashion to a great extent depends on identifying a trend quickly and translating it into the market before the trend is†¦show more content†¦As cost is the most significant factor to be taken into thought in the production process many companies take advantage of offshore outsourcing by collaboration or manufacture their products overseas to get a lower price (Matilla, 2002). Fast Fashion industry is perhaps one of the most demanding challenges for industrial logistic management. According to (Christopher, 2004) there is an increasing propensity to get products and materials from other countries. This global outsourcing may consequence in longer lead times despite the low labour cost. Keeping track of this enormously fast and cut-throat world of fashion industry has never been trouble-free. Background â€Å"The Factors of Fashion Markets† Following are the characteristics of fashion industry 1. Short life cycle: The product generally has a short life-expectancy. It is designed to capture the mood of the moment during the season sales. 2. High volatility: Consumer demand is known as barely ever steady or straight and possibly influenced by constantly changing factors such as weather, films, pop stars, or well known sports stars. 3. Low predictability: Due to the high level of volatility and the unstable nature of fashion goods, it is enormously difficult to predict the total demand perfectly correctly by itself on a week-by-week or item-by-item basis. 4. High Impulse purchase: Many buying decisions by consumers for these products are made at the point ofShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Fashion On Consumer s Choices Of Many Products And Services3702 Words   |  15 PagesThe turbulent and highly unpredictable market in the fashion industry creates hasty changes in consumer demands. Many products and services are assumed to have life cycle, perhaps none have more diverse cycles than Fashion. 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It is difficult for any organisation survive without customer service as there are no one to create connection between organisations and customers, handle payments or answer questions from prospectiveRead MoreWhat Can Raise Awareness Of Sustainable Consumption Of Textiles For College Students1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Many consumers aren’t educated on the importance of sustainability of clothing and textiles. The media mistakenly represents sustainability and the influence it can have on the environment. This research paper will attempt to address the question of what could raise awareness of sustainable consumption of textiles for college students. Consumers should all be aware of how they can conserve the environment by preserving clothing which is a concept that many people have not acknowledgedRead MoreWhat Australian Fashion Retailers Can Learn from Zaras Product Management Process855 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Australian fashion retailers can learn from Zara’s product management process to improve their business Australian fashion retailer these days are facing a huge struggle by selling over-priced clothes. However, the globalization has poked Australian retailers to found themselves in the midst of an international fashion invasion, while the markets found themselves starstruck on the attractiveness that international retailers offer. The condition of Australian fashion retailers have been under-servicedRead MoreInformation And Handling Of Customer Conversations1607 Words   |  7 Pagesthe western countries such as the US and Europe, many companies and investors changed their eyes towards the emerging markets (Shaw, 2012). According to Euro monitor International Report, the top five fastest-growing major economies in 2015 will be all emerging market economies in the Asia Pacific region. In southeast Asia, because the internet is playing an important channel through which consumers in an emerging countries gather products and services including informations. It has an influential impressionRead MoreZara Operation Strategy1286 Words   |  6 Pages3 Top-Down Perspective 4 Bottom-Up Perspective 4 Market Requirement versus Operations Resources 4 Market Requirement Perspective 5 Operation Resources Perspective 5 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 Introduction Zara is a Spanish fashion and accessories retailers that founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera (Ledesma, 2013). 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The impact on the marketing mix is as follows: †¢ Product :- Branding qualityRead MoreReligiosity And Islamic Consumer Behavior Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Religiosity and Islamic Consumer Behavior Name: Institution: â€Æ' Introduction Consumer behavior is the process by which individuals seek, decide, procure, utilize and dispose of products so as to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumer behavior is attracting interest from scholars especially the marketing psychologists. The concept is important to marketing because it reveals why, when and how consumers make the decisions to buy. Many factors influence consumer behavior, for example, the priceRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Brand Loyalty1718 Words   |  7 Pagesis one of the hottest subjects in marketing today. Customer’s brand loyalty play an significant role in company’s development. There are a range of definitions of this term, but in this essay ‘brand loyalty’ refers to people being willing to buy products from the same manufacturer repeatedly rather than from other suppliers. More and more companies are tried to investing in optimizing the benefits of their brand externally and internally. Various researchers (Ballester and Al eman, 1999) refer thatRead MoreSample Message Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Message COMM/470 Sample Persuasive Message The Internet has created many choices for consumers to shop within the privacy of their own home. The world of e-tailing has many competitors, striving to make a sale each and every time a consumer visits their website. In order to persuade the consumer to purchase a product, a business must effectively communicate the message about their product to the consumer. The primary purpose of a persuasive message is to have the receiver read or listen The Impact Of Fashion On Consumer s Choices Of Many... Abstract â€Å"The best supply chains aren’t just fast and cost effective, they are also agile and adaptable and they ensure that all their companies interests stay aligned.†- Hall L Lee The turbulent and highly unpredictable market in the fashion industry creates hasty changes in consumer demands. Many products and services are assumed to have life cycle, perhaps none have more diverse cycles than Fashion. Fashions are, by definition, temporary cyclical phenomena adopted by consumers for a particular time and situation. The phenomenon of fashion invades consumer’s choices of many products and services. The triumph of fast fashion to a great extent depends on identifying a trend quickly and translating it into the market before the trend is over. Fashion industry is tantamount with swift change and as a result, commercial success/failure in the markets is mostly dogged by the organizations flexibility and responsiveness. Responsiveness is characterised by short time to market, the aptitude to scale up and down quickly and the rapid amalgamation of consumer preferences into the design process. This case study focuses on the successful supply chain of Fabindia and its manufacturing, how will it impact the Fashion sustainability. Thorough research has been done before the proposal on the company and its successful strategies. Introduction Fast fashion defined as a business strategy that aims to decrease the buying process andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Fashion On Consumer s Choices Of Many Products And Services3732 Words   |  15 PagesThe turbulent and highly unpredictable market in the fashion industry creates hasty changes in consumer demands. Many products and services are assumed to have life cycle, perhaps none have more diverse cycles than Fashion. Fashions are, by definition, temporary cyclical phenomena adopted by consumers for a particular time and situation. The phenomenon of fashion invades consumer’s choices of many products and services. The triumph of fast fashion to a great extent depends on identifying a trend quicklyRead MoreCustomer Service : An Important Part Of Business1124 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Customer service has become an important part of business for a number of reasons. Nowadays, customers have numerous choice of selection where they will buy product/ service based on their needs; therefore customer service is importance to build up customers’ loyalty and their returns. It is difficult for any organisation survive without customer service as there are no one to create connection between organisations and customers, handle payments or answer questions from prospectiveRead MoreWhat Can Raise Awareness Of Sustainable Consumption Of Textiles For College Students1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Many consumers aren’t educated on the importance of sustainability of clothing and textiles. The media mistakenly represents sustainability and the influence it can have on the environment. This research paper will attempt to address the question of what could raise awareness of sustainable consumption of textiles for college students. Consumers should all be aware of how they can conserve the environment by preserving clothing which is a concept that many people have not acknowledgedRead MoreWhat Australian Fashion Retailers Can Learn from Zaras Product Management Process855 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Australian fashion retailers can learn from Zara’s product management process to improve their business Australian fashion retailer these days are facing a huge struggle by selling over-priced clothes. However, the globalization has poked Australian retailers to found themselves in the midst of an international fashion invasion, while the markets found themselves starstruck on the attractiveness that international retailers offer. The condition of Australian fashion retailers have been under-servicedRead MoreInformation And Handling Of Customer Conversations1607 Words   |  7 Pagesthe western countries such as the US and Europe, many companies and investors changed their eyes towards the emerging markets (Shaw, 2012). According to Euro monitor International Report, the top five fastest-growing major economies in 2015 will be all emerging market economies in the Asia Pacific region. In southeast Asia, because the internet is playing an important channel through which consumers in an emerging countries gather products and services including informations. It has an influential impressionRead MoreZara Operation Strategy1286 Words   |  6 Pages3 Top-Down Perspective 4 Bottom-Up Perspective 4 Market Requirement versus Operations Resources 4 Market Requirement Perspective 5 Operation Resources Perspective 5 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 Introduction Zara is a Spanish fashion and accessories retailers that founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera (Ledesma, 2013). Zara designs, manufactures their apparel, footwear and accessories for men, women and sells up-to-minute â€Å"fashionabilty† at low prices throughout EuropeRead MoreEssay about Product Life Cycle1502 Words   |  7 PagesProduct Life Cycle A new product progresses through a sequence of changes from introduction to growth, maturity decline. This sequence is known as the â€Å"Product Life-Cycle† is associated with changes in the marketing situation, thus impacting the marketing strategy the marketing mix. Introduction Stage In the introduction stage, the firm seeks to build product awareness develop a market for a product. The impact on the marketing mix is as follows: †¢ Product :- Branding qualityRead MoreReligiosity And Islamic Consumer Behavior Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Religiosity and Islamic Consumer Behavior Name: Institution: â€Æ' Introduction Consumer behavior is the process by which individuals seek, decide, procure, utilize and dispose of products so as to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumer behavior is attracting interest from scholars especially the marketing psychologists. The concept is important to marketing because it reveals why, when and how consumers make the decisions to buy. Many factors influence consumer behavior, for example, the priceRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Brand Loyalty1718 Words   |  7 Pagesis one of the hottest subjects in marketing today. Customer’s brand loyalty play an significant role in company’s development. There are a range of definitions of this term, but in this essay ‘brand loyalty’ refers to people being willing to buy products from the same manufacturer repeatedly rather than from other suppliers. More and more companies are tried to investing in optimizing the benefits of their brand externally and internally. Various researchers (Ballester and Al eman, 1999) refer thatRead MoreSample Message Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Message COMM/470 Sample Persuasive Message The Internet has created many choices for consumers to shop within the privacy of their own home. The world of e-tailing has many competitors, striving to make a sale each and every time a consumer visits their website. In order to persuade the consumer to purchase a product, a business must effectively communicate the message about their product to the consumer. The primary purpose of a persuasive message is to have the receiver read or listen